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尽管
儘管
jín guǎn
conj./adv. although, though; feel free to, not hesitate to
Discussion of 尽管/儘管
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虽然 vs 尽管
Both are used in subordinate complex sentences indicating "adversative relations". What is "adversative relation"? The second clause of the main clause, which is opposite in meaning to the first clause (the subordinate clause).
1. Conjunction 虽然 is often paired with 但是 to indicate the admission of a certain fact (虽然...) then turning to the main idea (introduced by 但是) . 但是 can be shortened to 但 or omitted when the adversation is not emphasized. In addition to 但是, we can also use other conjunctions, e.g. 可是 and 不过, or correlative adverb 却.
Examples:
他虽然不聪明，但是/但/可是/不过学习非常努力。 [phr] Although he is not smart, he studies really hard.
他虽然不聪明，学习却非常努力。 [phr] Although he is not smart, he studies really hard.
2. Conjunction 尽管...但是... is equivalent to 虽然...但是... in meaning. They are used in the same way, however, 尽管 carries a stronger tone. In addition to 但是, we can also use other correlative adverbs, 却, 仍然, 还 or 也, etc. 尽管 can be omitted.
Examples:
他尽管不聪明，但是学习非常努力。 [phr] Although he is not smart, he studies really hard.
他尽管不聪明，学习却非常努力。 [phr] Although he is not smart, he studies really hard.
3. When the main clause appears before the subordinate, only 尽管 虽然 can be used by itself in the subordinate clause, not in pairs with 但是.
Examples:
他学习非常努力，尽管不聪明。 [phr] He studies really hard， though he is not smart.
他学习非常努力，虽然不聪明。 [phr] He studies really hard， though he is not smart.
lisaC
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How is 尽管 (jǐnguǎn) used in a sentence?
个学生
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尽管 (jǐnguǎn) can be used to express that one is free to do something, even though there may be some difficulties or obstacles. For example, one could say: "尽管 (jǐnguǎn) 这个任务很困难，但我们还是要尽力去完成它" which translates to "Although this task is very difficult, we still have to try our best to complete it."
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Are there any other words that have a similar meaning to 尽管 (jǐnguǎn)?
个学生
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1. 虽然 (suīrán): "although, even though".
2. 即使 (jíshǐ): "even if, even though".
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Is there a formal or informal way to use 尽管 (jǐnguǎn)?
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尽管 (jǐnguǎn) can be used in both formal and informal contexts. In formal contexts, it is used to express a concession or allowance, such as "尽管你有资格参加考试，但你仍然需要准备" (jǐnguǎn nǐ yǒu zīgé cānjiā kǎoshì, dàn nǐ réngrán xūyào zhǔnbèi) which translates to "Although you are qualified to take the exam, you still need to prepare". In informal contexts, it is used to express permission or encouragement, such as "尽管去吧" (jǐnguǎn qù ba) which translates to "Go ahead".
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不管 (bù guǎn) verses 尽管 (jǐn guǎn):
不管 (bù guǎn) and 尽管 (jǐn guǎn) are two phrases in Chinese that have similar meanings but slightly different usages.
不管 means "regardless of" or "never mind" and is used to express an attitude of indifference or independence from any conditions or factors. For example, "不管你做什么，我都支持你" means "no matter what you do, I always support you."
尽管 means "although, though", and is usually used to express persistence or confidence in something in spite of a certain fact. For example, "尽管困难重重，我们仍然要坚持下去" means "despite difficulties, we must still continue to move forward."
lisaC
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