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您贵姓? (nín guì xìng) is used to politely ask someone their surname. It is a common way to start a conversation in Chinese culture, as it is a sign of respect to ask someone their surname before their given name. It is also a way to show politeness and respect when addressing someone.
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您贵姓? (nín guì xìng) is more appropriate in formal contexts, such as when meeting someone for the first time in a professional setting. It is a polite way of asking for someone's family name, and conveys respect.
In contrast, other ways of asking for someone's family name, such as 你叫什么名字? (nǐ jiào shénme míngzì) or 你姓什么? (nǐ xìng shénme) are more appropriate in informal contexts, such as when meeting someone for the first time in a social setting.
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