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因果 (yīn guǒ) is a concept that suggests that every action has a consequence. It is often used to explain why certain events happen in life. For example, one might say, 因果关系 (causality, cause-effect relationship) or 因果报应 (retribution for sin, punitive justice, karma).
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Yes, there are other words in Chinese that convey similar meanings to 因果 (yīn guǒ), specifically relating to concepts of cause and effect, karma, or predetermined fate.
1. 因缘 (yīn yuán) - This term translates to "causal conditions" and is often used in Buddhist philosophy to describe the interconnectedness of events and circumstances that lead to specific outcomes. It emphasizes the conditions that lead to an effect, highlighting the complexity of causality.
2. 宿命 (sù mìng) - This word translates to "predestined fate" or "destiny." It implies a belief in a fixed fate that is predetermined and unchangeable. While it shares some philosophical ground with 因果 (yīn guǒ), it focuses more on the aspect of fate rather than the causal relationships.
3. 轮回 (lún huí) - Meaning "reincarnation," this term is relevant in discussions of karma and cause and effect within a broader spiritual context. It refers to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, which is influenced by one's actions in previous lives.
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因果 (yīn guǒ) is primarily used to describe the relationship between cause and effect, often within the context of moral actions and their consequences. This concept is deeply rooted in various philosophical, religious, and cultural traditions, especially in Buddhism, where it relates to the idea of karma (业, yè) and preordained fate (命运, mìng yùn).
In Buddhist philosophy, 因果 (yīn guǒ) emphasizes that every action (行为, xíng wéi) has a corresponding result, which can manifest in this life or future lives. Good actions are believed to lead to positive outcomes or rewards, while negative actions lead to suffering or undesirable consequences. This cyclical nature of actions and their effects is a fundamental concept in understanding moral responsibility and the ethical implications of one’s behavior.
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