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Yes, there is a difference between 蚂蚁 (mǎyǐ) and 蚁 (yǐ). 蚂蚁(mǎyǐ) refers specifically to ants, while 蚁 (yǐ) is a more general term used to form other nouns to refer to different types of ants that belong to the ant family, for example, 白蚁 / 白蟻 [báiyǐ] which means "termite".
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蚂蚁 (mǎyǐ) is a noun that refers to the small insect commonly known as an ant. A proper way to use 蚂蚁 in a sentence is to describe the behavior of the insect, such as: 蚂蚁 (mǎyǐ) 在地上爬行。(mǎyǐ zài dìshàng páxíng) which translates to "The ant is crawling on the ground."
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蚂蚁 (mǎyǐ) is an informal word in Chinese. It is the most commonly used term for "ant" in everyday conversation and is also the standard term used in scientific contexts.
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