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甲 (jiǎ) is a formal word. It is used to refer to the first of the ten heavenly stems, which is an ancient Chinese system of ordering years, months, days, and hours. It is also used to refer to the first in a series of things, such as the first of the twelve Earthly Branches.
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1. 甲 (jiǎ) is commonly used as a measure word for the first of something, similar to the English word "first" or "primary". For example: 甲级 (jiǎ jí) - first grade.
2. In Chinese astrology, 甲 (jiǎ) is the first of the ten heavenly stems, which are used to represent the years in a 60-year cycle. For example: 甲子年 (jiǎ zǐ nián) - the year of the Rat; 甲午年 (jiǎ wǔ nián) - the year of the Horse.
3. 甲 (jiǎ) can also mean "armor" or "shell" in Chinese. For example: 甲胄 (jiǎ zhòu) - armor; 甲壳 (jiǎ ké) - shell.
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