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吸 (xī) is used to describe the action of absorbing, soaking up, inhaling, drawing, or sucking. It can be used to describe the action of a person or object.
For example, 吸烟 (xī yān) means "to smoke" and 吸收 (xī shōu) means "to absorb". It can also be used to describe the action of a vacuum cleaner, as in 吸尘器 (xī chén qì) which means "vacuum cleaner". It can also be used to describe the action of a person inhaling a substance, such as 吸毒 (xī dú) which means "to take drugs".
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抽 (chōu) versus 吸 (xī)
抽 (chōu) typically means "to draw" or "to smoke" when referring to smoking cigarettes, as in 抽烟 (chōu yān), which means "to smoke a cigarette"
On the other hand, 吸 (xī) means "to inhale" or "to suck," and in the context of smoking, 吸烟 (xī yān) also means "to inhale smoke" but it's more formal and often appears in written Chinese, for instance, on signs such as "禁止吸烟" (No Smoking).
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