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艰苦 (jiānkǔ) is generally used in more formal contexts, as it is a more literary term. It is often used in written language, such as in news articles, reports, or formal speeches. In spoken language, it may also be used in more formal settings, such as in a business meeting or a formal presentation.
In terms of meaning, 艰苦 (jiānkǔ) refers to something that is difficult, challenging, or arduous. It can be used to describe physical or mental hardships, as well as difficult situations or circumstances. It can also convey a sense of struggle or endurance.
For example, you may see 艰苦 (jiānkǔ) used in a sentence like "他们在很艰难的情况下还是坚持工作。" (They still worked despite the difficult circumstances.)
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1. 艰难 (jiānnán) - difficult, hard, arduous
2. 艰险 (jiānxiǎn) - perilous, dangerous, treacherous
3. 艰巨 (jiānjù) - arduous, formidable, enormous
4. 艰辛 (jiānxīn) - hard, difficult, laborious
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艰苦 (jiānkǔ) is commonly used to describe a situation or task that requires a lot of effort and hard work. It is often used to describe a difficult journey or a challenging task. For example, one might say “他们的旅程很艰苦 (tāmen de lǚchéng hěn jiānkǔ)” to describe a difficult journey. It can also be used to describe a person's hard work and dedication, such as “他付出了艰苦的努力 (tā fùchūle jiānkǔ de nǔlì)” to describe someone who has worked hard.
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